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1.
Psico USF ; 26(1): 117-128, Jan. 2021. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | INDEXPSI, LILACS | ID: biblio-1287593

ABSTRACT

Este estudo buscou explorar e comparar a percepção dos riscos à saúde física e os comportamentos de saúde do sexo casual entre universitárias com (CEX) e sem experiência (SEX) de sexo casual. Participaram 1.133 universitárias brasileiras (média de idade igual a 21,05 anos, DP = 2,05), a maioria nascidas e residentes na região Sul do país, que responderam a um questionário on-line com questões sobre a percepção dos riscos físicos, comportamentos de saúde, comportamento e histórico sexual. Foi encontrada diferença significativa nos comportamentos de saúde e nas percepções de risco entre os grupos. O grupo CEX apresentou mais comportamentos de saúde e cuidados que o grupo SEX. Embora o sexo casual esteja relacionado aos comportamentos de risco, neste estudo, as mulheres CEX apresentaram mais medidas de proteção à saúde que as mulheres SEX. (AU)


This study aimed to explore and compare the perceptions of physical health risks and healthy sex behaviors among female university students with (CEX) and without (SEX) experience in casual sex. With a comparative cross-sectional design, the study included 1,133 Brazilian female university students (mean age 21.05 years, SD=2.05), mostly born and resident in the southern region of the country, who completed an online questionnaire about their perception of physical risks, their health behaviors, and their sexual behavior and history. There was a significant difference in health behaviors and risk perceptions between the two groups, where the CEX group showed higher levels of healthy behaviors and care than the SEX group. Although casual sex is related to risk behaviors, in this study, women in the CEX group reported taking more health protection measures than those in the SEX group. (AU)


La investigación tuvo como objetivo explorar y comparar la percepción de riesgo con la salud física y las conductas de salud relacionadas al sexo casual entre estudiantes universitarias con (CEX) y sin experiencia (SEX) de sexo casual. Participaron 1.133 estudiantes universitarias brasileñas (edad media de 21,05 años, DS=2,054), mayoritariamente nacidas y residentes de la región sur del país, que contestaron a un cuestionario online con preguntas sobre percepción de riesgos físicos, sus conductas de salud e historial sexual. Se pudo observar una diferencia significativa en los comportamientos de salud y en las percepciones de riesgo entre los grupos. El grupo CEX presentó más conductas saludables y de cuidados que el grupo SEX. Aunque el sexo casual esté relacionado con conductas de riesgo, en este estudio las mujeres CEX presentaron más medidas de protección a la salud que las mujeres del grupo SEX. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Risk-Taking , Sexual Behavior/psychology , Students/psychology , Safe Sex/psychology , Unsafe Sex/psychology , Surveys and Questionnaires , Social Networking
2.
Ribeirão Preto; s.n; 2020. 259 p. ilus.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1381561

ABSTRACT

Há altas taxas de gravidez na adolescência no Brasil e os recursos tecnológicos como os smartphones podem ser ferramentas importantes para abordar temas pertinentes aos adolescentes, como o uso de métodos contraceptivos. As pesquisas referentes ao uso de recursos virtuais voltados à educação sexual são incipientes e isto se afunila ainda mais quando se busca evidências referentes ao uso dos serious game sobre a temática voltado a esse público. Pensando em estratégias que possibilitem não só a informação, mas que sejam interativas e façam sentido no contexto de vida dos adolescentes, estimulando o aprendizado significativo, a mudança de comportamento e o amadurecimento pessoal, sentiu-se a necessidade de desenvolver um game em aplicativo mobile (app) para essa clientela. Assim, o objetivo geral deste trabalho foi desenvolver uma tecnologia educacional digital sobre a prática sexual segura e contracepção, com a participação ativa dos adolescentes. Trata-se de um estudo metodológico acerca da construção de um serious game sobre o tema voltado aos adolescentes. Foi realizado em duas etapas: 1) Desenvolvimento participativo da tecnologia, com grupos focais; 2) Avaliação do conteúdo e da usabilidade pelos especialistas e pelo público-alvo, os adolescentes. Utilizou-se o modelo User-Centered Design embasado no design participativo. Oito adolescentes de 15 a 17 anos de uma escola pública da cidade de São Paulo participaram ativamente no desenvolvimento da tecnologia. O estudo ocorreu no período de outubro/2015 a fevereiro/2019. Os temas discutidos nos encontros de grupo focal estavam acerca da prática sexual, métodos contraceptivos, gravidez, Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis e do app. Assim, desenvolveu-se o app Prinventon, um game que se passa em uma cidade virtual e trabalha a sexualidade na adolescência. O conteúdo e a usabilidade foram avaliados por seis profissionais da tecnologia, seis profissionais da área da saúde e quatro adolescentes. No geral, o app foi considerado pelos especialistas como relevante diante do tema tratado. Para os profissionais da tecnologia, faltou uma abordagem mais complexa como nos jogos de ação e aventura que se utilizam do sistema de fases e aumento das dificuldades. Já para os profissionais da saúde, o app é intuitivo, poderia explorar maiores conteúdos e alguns tiveram dificuldades após instalação. Os adolescentes avaliaram o app como interativo, de boa qualidade e com conteúdo suficiente, havendo grandes possibilidades de o recomendar. Acredita-se que o app desenvolvido é adequado aos adolescentes, pois visa abordar de maneira lúdica e realística a sexualidade na adolescência, com foco no sexo seguro e contracepção


There are high rates of teenage pregnancy in Brazil and technological resources such as smartphones can be important tools to address topics relevant to adolescents, such as the use of contraceptive methods. The researches regarding the use of virtual resources focused on sex education are incipient and this is further reduced when searching for evidence referring to the use of serious games about the theme addressed to this public. Thinking about strategies that not only enable information, but which are interactive and meaningful in the context of adolescents' lives, stimulating the meaningful learning, behavior change and personal maturation, there is a need to develop a mobile application game (app) for this clientele. Thus, the general objective of this work was to develop a digital educational technology about safe sexual practices and contraception, with the active participation of adolescents. It was an applied research of technological production on the construction of a serious game about the theme for adolescents. It was carried out in two stages: 1) Participatory technology development, with focus groups; 2) Evaluation of content and usability by experts and target audience, the adolescents. The User-Centered Design model based on participatory design was used. Eight adolescents aged 15 to 17 years of a public school in the city of São Paulo participated actively in the development of technology. The study took place from October/2015 to February/2019. The topics discussed at the focus group meetings were about sexual practice, contraceptive methods, pregnancy, Sexually Transmitted Infections and the app. Thus, the Prinventon app was developed, a game that happens in a virtual city and works the sexuality in adolescence. The content and the usability were evaluated by six technology professionals, six health professionals and four adolescents. Overall, the app was considered by experts as relevant to the topic being addressed. To technology professionals, a more complex approach was lacking, as in action and adventure games that use the system of phases and increased difficulties. For health professionals, the app is intuitive, could explore greater content and some had difficulties after installation. The teenagers rated the app as interactive, good quality and with enough content, with great possibilities to recommend it. It is believed that the app developed is suitable for adolescents, since it aims to approach the sexuality in adolescence in a playful and realistic way, focusing on safe sex and contraception


Subject(s)
Humans , Adolescent , Pregnancy in Adolescence/prevention & control , Sex Education , Sexually Transmitted Diseases , Educational Technology , Contraception/trends , Safe Sex/psychology , Adolescent Health , Mobile Applications
3.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 24(12): 4707-4716, dez. 2019. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1055739

ABSTRACT

Resumen Esta etnografía se realizó en Barcelona, ciudad que ofrece diferentes recursos de ocio homosexual, como las saunas gay. El objetivo fue analizar desde los estudios sobre género y masculinidades, cómo se articula la sexualidad, la percepción sobre la infección por VIH y otras infecciones de transmisión sexual (ITS), y las medidas preventivas en trabajadores sexuales masculinos (TSM) usuarios de saunas gay. Se realizaron 10 entrevistas en profundidad y observación entre 2012 y 2016. Las prácticas de sexo seguro son más frecuentes con clientes, mientras que las de riesgo se realizan más con parejas no comerciales. La orientación sexual juega un rol relevante, los homosexuales asumen más prácticas de riesgo en el trabajo sexual que los heterosexuales. Consumo de drogas o la escasez de redes de apoyo se relacionaron con mayor vulnerabilidad social y conductas de riesgo. Contraer el VIH aún genera miedo, mientras que tener otras ITS se percibe como parte de la vida sexual de un hombre. El TSM afianza una masculinidad con múltiples parejas sexuales, breadwinner y por otra parte, cuestiona un modelo heteronormativo. Las intervenciones para la prevención del VIH e ITS en este colectivo, deberían considerar los determinantes sociales como las precarias alternativas laborales y el ofrecer mayor soporte social.


Abstract This ethnography was conducted in Barcelona, a city that provides different gay leisure resources, such as gay saunas. We aimed to analyze from studies on gender and masculinities, how sexuality, perception of HIV infection and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and preventive measures are articulated in gay sauna male sex workers (MSW). Ten in-depth interviews and observation were conducted between 2012 and 2016. Safe sex practices are more frequent with clients, while risk practices are carried out more with non-commercial partners. Sexual orientation plays an important role. Homosexuals assume riskier practices in sex work than heterosexuals. Drug use or lack of support networks were associated with higher social vulnerability and risk behaviors. Contracting HIV still creates fear, while having other STIs is perceived as part of a man's sexual life. The MSW affirms masculinity with concurrent sexual partners, breadwinner, and on the other hand, questions a heteronormative model. Interventions for the prevention of HIV and STIs in this group should consider social determinants such as inferior work alternatives and the provision of more significant social support.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Young Adult , Steam Bath , Sexually Transmitted Diseases/prevention & control , Safe Sex/psychology , Unsafe Sex/psychology , Masculinity , Sex Workers/psychology , Social Support , Spain , Sexually Transmitted Diseases/transmission , HIV Infections/prevention & control , HIV Infections/transmission , Homosexuality, Male , Heterosexuality , Substance-Related Disorders/complications , Qualitative Research , Interpersonal Relations , Anthropology, Cultural
4.
Salud colect ; 13(2): 199-210, abr.-jun. 2017.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-903687

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Desde el siglo XIX, con la sífilis y, más recientemente, con el sida, lxs trabajadorxs del sexo pasaron a ser vistos como medios de transmisión de enfermedades y como un problema de salud pública que requiere intervención. Sin embargo, las investigaciones han demostrado que, en los países occidentales, la tasa de VIH en personas involucradas con la venta de sexo es baja, con excepción de grupos específicos, como los consumidores de drogas por vía inyectable. Además, se han puesto en evidencia los riesgos a los que están sometidos lxs trabajadorxs del sexo, por vía de la estigmatización o de otras formas de violencia. En este artículo, a partir de una etnografía urbana con trabajadorxs del sexo de calle, llevada a cabo en la ciudad de Porto (Portugal) entre 2004 y 2005, discutimos las vulnerabilidades sociales, laborales y jurídicas que afectan a las personas involucradas en el comercio del sexo y cómo interfieren en su salud. Nos centraremos en las estrategias de lxs trabajadorxs del sexo para minimizar los riesgos para la salud y el discurso de resistencia en el combate a las vulnerabilidades.


ABSTRACT Since the 19th century with syphilis and most recently with AIDS, sex workers have been seen as a means for disease transmission and a public health problem that requires intervention. However, researchers have shown that in Western countries, HIV rates in people involved in commercial sex are low, except for in specific groups, such as intravenous drug users. Moreover, the risks faced by sex workers due to stigmatization and other forms of violence have been put into evidence. Based on an urban ethnography with street sex workers carried out in Porto (Portugal), between 2004 and 2005, this article discusses the social, labor, and legal vulnerabilities affecting people involved in commercial sex and how these interfere with their health. Focus is placed on the strategies used by sex workers to minimize health risks and their discourses of resistance in fighting vulnerabilities.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Sex Work/psychology , Public Health , Risk Reduction Behavior , Health Status Disparities , Sex Workers/legislation & jurisprudence , Sex Workers/psychology , Portugal , Violence/legislation & jurisprudence , Violence/psychology , Sexually Transmitted Diseases/prevention & control , Safe Sex/psychology , Vulnerable Populations/legislation & jurisprudence , Vulnerable Populations/psychology , Unsafe Sex/prevention & control , Social Stigma , Social Marginalization/psychology , Anthropology, Cultural
5.
Rev. gaúch. enferm ; 38(4): e2016-80, 2017. graf
Article in Portuguese | BDENF, LILACS | ID: biblio-901684

ABSTRACT

Resumo OBJETIVO Analisar as representações sociais de jovens católicos(as) quanto à prevenção ao HIV/AIDS e à sexualidade. MÉTODO Estudo misto, com base na teoria das representações sociais, realizado em 2015 com 84 jovens católicos participantes do grupo "Jornada Mundial da Juventude" no Facebook. Os dados foram coletados através da técnica de associação livre de palavras e entrevista em profundidade. Para análise das informações, foram usados os softwares Tri-Deux-Mots e Alceste. RESULTADOS A sexualidade é processada no campo representacional dos(as) jovens como sendo associada à prática sexual. Por sua vez, a prevenção ao HIV, fenômeno representado como intrínseco à sexualidade, ocorre com o uso de preservativos ou com a fidelidade dentro do matrimônio. CONCLUSÃO Jovens católicos representam a prevenção ao HIV/AIDS como fenômeno transversal à sexualidade, cujas práticas sexuais estão ancoradas tanto nos discursos hegemônicos quanto nos progressistas.


Resumen OBJETIVO Analizar las representaciones sociales de los(as) jóvenes católicos(as) sobre la prevención del VIH/SIDA y la sexualidad. MÉTODO Estudio mixto, basado en la teoría de las representaciones sociales, llevado a cabo en 2015 con 84 jóvenes participantes del grupo de católicos "Jornada Mundial de la Juventud" en Facebook. Los datos fueron recolectados a través de la técnica de la asociación libre de palabras y la entrevista en profundidad. Para el análisis de la información se utilizó el software Tri-Deux-Palabras y Alceste. RESULTADOS La sexualidad es procesada en el campo representacional de los(as) jóvenes como siendo asociada con la práctica sexual. A su vez, la prevención del VIH, fenómeno representado como intrínseco a la sexualidad, se produce con el uso de preservativos o con la fidelidad dentro del matrimonio. CONCLUSIÓN Jóvenes católicos(as) representan la prevención del VIH/SIDA como fenómeno transversal a la sexualidad, cuyas prácticas sexuales están ancladas tanto en los discursos hegemónicos como en los progresistas.


Abstract OBJECTIVE To analyze the the social representations of young Catholics about HIV/AIDS prevention and sexuality. METHOD Mixed study, based on the theory of social representations, held in 2015 with 84 young Catholics participating in the group "World Youth Day" on Facebook. The data were collected through the technique of free association of words and in-depth interview. For the information analysis, the software Tri-Deux-Mots and Alceste were used. RESULTS Sexuality is processed in the representational field of young people as being associated with the sexual practice. In turn, the prevention of HIV, a phenomenon represented as intrinsic to sexuality, occurs through the use of condoms or fidelity within marriage. CONCLUSION Young Catholics represent the prevention of HIV/AIDS as a transverse phenomenon to sexuality, whose sexual practices are anchored both in hegemonic and progressive discourses.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Young Adult , Catholicism , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Sexual Behavior/psychology , Sexual Behavior/statistics & numerical data , Social Values , Taboo , Factor Analysis, Statistical , Adolescent Behavior , Condoms/statistics & numerical data , Internet , Culture , Safe Sex/psychology , Safe Sex/statistics & numerical data , Free Association
6.
Rev. salud pública ; 14(5): 810-821, Sept.-Oct. 2012. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-703397

ABSTRACT

Objetivos Identificar la frecuencia del uso habitual del condón y los factores que predicen, facilitan y refuerzan su uso en jóvenes universitarios. Métodos Estudio analítico de corte transversal con análisis multivariado. La muestra fue de 397 estudiantes seleccionados aleatoriamente mediante un muestreo estratificado por Facultades a quienes se les aplicó una encuesta asistida por computador denominada "Reconociendo mi salud sexual". Resultados El uso habitual de condón se da para el 33 % de la población. Los factores predisponentes para su uso habitual fueron, el tener la intención y alta autoeficacia en su uso con la pareja ocasional. Entre los factores facilitadores, el uso con la pareja habitual aumenta en 19 veces la oportunidad de utilizarlo habitualmente. El ser hombre se asoció con su uso tanto en los factores predisponentes como facilitadores. Entre los reforzantes, considerar que el condón intensifica el placer al sentirse protegidos y que entre los amigos el condón sea aceptado, se asoció a su uso habitual. En contraste, desplazar el uso del condón por otros métodos anticonceptivos disminuyó la probabilidad de usarlo habitualmente en un 60 %. Conclusión El no uso habitual del condón en las relaciones pene-ano y su desplazamiento por el uso de otro método anticonceptivo, son claras evidencias de la mayor preocupación que representa para la juventud el embarazo en comparación con las ITS. Se recomienda, la formulación y ejecución de programas que apunten simultáneamente y con igual énfasis a la prevención de embarazos, del VIH y otras ITS.


Objective Identifying condom use frequency and factors predisposing, facilitating and reinforcing its consistent use in college students. Methods This was a cross-sectional analytical study involving multivariate analysis. The sample consisted of 397 students who were randomly selected using stratified sampling by faculty who had applied a computer-assisted survey entitled, "Recognizing my sexual health." Results 33 % of the sample population reported routine condo muse. The predisposing factors for regular condo muse were the intention to use one and high self-efficacy regarding use with casual partners. Facilitating factors revealed that condom use with a habitual partner increased the opportunity to use it 19-fold. Being male was associated with its use regarding both predisposing and facilitating factors. It is worth stressing that, amongst there in forcing factors, considering that a condom intensifies pleasure by feeling protected was associated with its regular use as was the condom being accepted by friends. By contrast, abandoning condom use for other contraceptive methods reduced the probability of it being used usually by 60 %. Conclusions Non-regular condom use in penile-anal intercourse and its displacement by other contraceptive methods provided clear evidence of young people's major concern concerning becoming pregnant rather than avoiding contracting an STI. Formulating and implementing programs simultaneously aimed at and placing equal emphasis on avoiding pregnancy and preventing HIV and other STI is recommended.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Female , Humans , Male , Pregnancy , Young Adult , Condoms , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Safe Sex/statistics & numerical data , Students/psychology , Unsafe Sex/statistics & numerical data , Adolescent Behavior , Colombia , Contraception , Cross-Sectional Studies , Fear , Motivation , Patient Acceptance of Health Care , Pregnancy, Unplanned/psychology , Risk Factors , Safe Sex/psychology , Sampling Studies , Self Efficacy , Sexual Behavior/statistics & numerical data , Sexually Transmitted Diseases/prevention & control , Sexually Transmitted Diseases/psychology , Universities , Unsafe Sex/psychology , Urban Population
7.
Cad. saúde pública ; 27(11): 2207-2214, nov. 2011.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-606629

ABSTRACT

A primeira relação sexual é considerada um evento importante na vida dos jovens e tem iniciado cada vez mais cedo. O objetivo do presente estudo foi descrever os fatores relacionados à idade precoce da primeira relação sexual, de jovens de 18 a 24 anos na cidade de Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Este é um estudo transversal de base populacional, em uma amostra representativa de 1.621 jovens que ocorreu entre agosto de 2007 e dezembro de 2008. Foram aplicados questionários sobre comportamentos de saúde que continham itens relativos à sexualidade. A regressão de Cox foi utilizada para aferir a associação com a idade precoce de início da vida sexual. Após a análise multivariada, as variáveis diretamente relacionadas com a iniciação sexual precoce foram: sexo masculino, baixo nível socioeconômico, baixa escolaridade, ter pais separados, morar com companheiro(a), não praticar uma religião, uso de tabaco e drogas, e o não uso da camisinha na última relação. Considerando o contexto social atual, evidencia-se a necessidade de uma adequada orientação sexual com aspecto preventivo.


First sexual intercourse is considered an important event in young people's lives and has occurred at an increasingly early age. The aim of this study was to identify factors associated with early age at first intercourse in individuals 18 to 24 years of age in Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. This was a population-based cross-sectional study in a representative sample of 1,621 young people from August 2007 to December 2008. Subjects answered a questionnaire on health behaviors, including items related to their sexual lives. Cox regression was used to assess the association between early age at sexual initiation. After multivariate analysis, variables that are directly related to early sexual initiation were: male gender, low socioeconomic status, low schooling, divorced parents, living with a partner, not practicing a religion, smoking, drug use in the previous three months, and non-use of condoms during last intercourse. Considering the current social context, the study highlights the need for adequate sexual orientation with a preventive approach.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Female , Humans , Male , Young Adult , Coitus , Age Factors , Brazil , Cross-Sectional Studies , Coitus/psychology , Condoms , Educational Status , Risk Factors , Sex Factors , Socioeconomic Factors , Safe Sex/psychology , Safe Sex/statistics & numerical data , Unsafe Sex/psychology , Unsafe Sex/statistics & numerical data
8.
Rev. panam. salud pública ; 27(5): 345-351, maio 2010. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-550396

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To examine the effectiveness of a safer sex program (Cuídate) on sexual behavior, use of condoms, and use of other contraceptives among Mexican youth 48 months after the intervention. METHODS: A total of 708 or 85 percent of those who participated in the original randomized control study (n = 829) were assessed in the 48-month follow-up. Each participant completed a questionnaire on sexual behavior. RESULTS: Findings indicated that adolescents who participated in the Cuídate program were more likely to be older at first sex (odds ratio [OR], 1.27; 95 percent confidence interval [CI], 0.41-2.12; P < 0.05) and to use condoms at first sex (OR, 1.75; 95 percent CI, 1.14-2.69; P < 0.05) or some other type of contraception at first sex (OR, 1.53; 95 percent CI, 1.00-2.33; P < 0.05) than those in the control group. Effects of the intervention on consistent condom use, condom use at last sex, and number of sexual partners were not significant. Gender did not moderate any intervention effects. Social desirability moderated the effect of the intervention on age at first sex. CONCLUSIONS: Results demonstrate the efficacy of Cuídate among Mexican adolescents. Future research, policy, and practice efforts should be directed at sustaining safe sex practices across adolescents' developmental and relationship trajectory.


OBJETIVOS: Examinar la eficacia de un programa de promoción de actividad sexual de menor riesgo (Cuídate) en cuanto al comportamiento sexual, el uso de condones y el uso de otros anticonceptivos en jóvenes mexicanos, 48 meses después de la intervención. MÉTODOS: En el seguimiento después de 48 meses, se evaluó un total de 708 (85 por ciento) de los que participaron en el estudio de control aleatorizado original (n = 829). Cada participante respondió a un cuestionario sobre su comportamiento sexual. RESULTADOS: Los resultados indicaron que los adolescentes que participaron en el programa "Cuídate" tenían una probabilidad más alta de tener una edad mayor en la primera relación sexual (razón de posibilidades [OR]: 1,27; intervalo de confianza [IC]: de 95 por ciento, 0,41-2,12; p < 0,05) y de usar condones (OR: 1,75; IC 95 por ciento: 1,14-2,69; P < 0,05) o algún otro tipo de medida anticonceptiva en la primera relación sexual (OR: 1,53; IC 95 por ciento: 1,00-2,33; P < 0,05) en comparación con los del grupo de referencia. Los efectos de la intervención sobre el uso constante de condones, el uso de condones en la última relación sexual y el número de compañeros sexuales no fueron considerables. El género no moderó los efectos de la intervención. La conveniencia social moderó el efecto de la intervención sobre la edad en la primera relación sexual. CONCLUSIONES: Los resultados demuestran la eficacia del programa "Cuídate" en los adolescentes mexicanos. En el futuro, la investigación, las políticas y la práctica deberán diri-girse a promover actividades sexuales de menor riesgo en el desarrollo y las relaciones de los adolescentes.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Female , Humans , Male , Young Adult , Contraception , Risk Reduction Behavior , Safe Sex/statistics & numerical data , Age Factors , Coitus , Condoms , Follow-Up Studies , Mexico , Odds Ratio , Program Evaluation , Safe Sex/psychology , Sample Size , Sex Factors , Sexual Partners , Social Desirability , Young Adult
9.
Cad. saúde pública ; 25(9): 1969-1980, set. 2009. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-524801

ABSTRACT

The current study focuses on factors associated with sexual initiation and condom use among teenagers on Santiago Island, Cape Verde, according to gender. This was a representative, probabilistic sample of 13-to-17-year-olds (n = 768) attending public secondary schools on Santiago Island in 2007. Associations were tested by test of proportion, Pearson's chi-square, or Fisher's exact test and logistic regression. Factors related to sexual initiation among boys were: age over 14 years, Catholic religion, and alcohol consumption. For girls, the factors included: > 9 years of schooling and involvement in an affective-sexual relationship. Unlike other Sub-Saharan countries, this study showed a high prevalence of condom use during initial sexual activity. Adolescents are able to safely begin sexually active life if they have access to information, sex education, and other STD prevention and contraceptive methods. This study provides insights on the development of policies to reduce the vulnerability of the young population to STD/AIDS and the limits and challenges related to the promotion of condom use and sex education, focusing on unequal gender relations.


Foram analisados fatores associados ao início da vida sexual de adolescentes na Ilha de Santiago, Cabo Verde, segundo sexo. Estudo realizado com amostra probabilística e representativa de 768 adolescentes, age 13-17 anos, de escolas secundárias públicas da Ilha de Santiago em 2007. A associação foi testada pelo teste de proporção, qui-quadrado de Pearson ou Fisher e regressão logística. Nos rapazes, os fatores associados ao início da vida sexual foram: idade maior que 14 anos, ser católico e consumo de bebidas alcoólicas. Para meninas: escolaridade maior que nove anos e ter parceiro afetivo-sexual. Ao contrário de outros contextos da África Subsaariana, foram constatadas taxas elevadas de uso de preservativo por adolescentes no início da vida sexual. Os adolescentes podem iniciar a vida sexual de maneira mais segura se tiverem informação, educação sexual e acesso a métodos de prevenção à gravidez e às DST. Este artigo oferece elementos para a reflexão sobre o delineamento de políticas de redução da vulnerabilidade dos jovens às DST/AIDS e sobre os limites e desafios da promoção do uso do preservativo e educação sexual, focando as relações desiguais de gênero.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Female , Humans , Male , Adolescent Behavior , Condoms , Health Promotion , HIV Infections/prevention & control , Safe Sex/statistics & numerical data , Alcohol Drinking , Cabo Verde , Epidemiologic Methods , Public Policy , Religion , Reproductive Medicine , Sex Distribution , Sexual Partners , Socioeconomic Factors , Safe Sex/psychology
10.
Cad. saúde pública ; 25(1): 133-141, jan. 2009.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-505616

ABSTRACT

A partir de los resultados de un estudio etnográfico sobre la experiencia cotidiana de vivir con VIH en el Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires, Argentina, este artículo discute enfoques de comportamiento que reducen la sexualidad de las personas viviendo con VIH a un problema de seguridad y protección. Combina las categorías de construcción social y hegemonía para abordar la sexualidad como un proceso de construcción a la vez individual y social, que supone intercambios complejos modelados por relaciones de poder y dispositivos de regulación social. Argumento que la experiencia de vivir con VIH pone al descubierto dimensiones de la subjetividad y contextos de vida atravesados por desigualdades sociales y violencias, y conjuntos sociales sujetos a relaciones históricas de subalternidad y continuas formas de estigmatización y discriminación social. En este entramado de desigualdades y estigmatizaciones, la sexualidad se configura más como dominio de peligro, restricción y represión, que de exploración y placer. Finalmente, que la confrontación cotidiana con metáforas sociales tensa relaciones, prácticas e identificaciones de género.


Based on the results of an ethnographic study on daily experience with HIV in Greater Metropolitan Buenos Aires, Argentina, the article discusses behavioral approaches that reduce the sexuality of persons living with HIV to an issue of safety and protection. By articulating a social construction perspective and the notion of hegemony, the author proposes that sexuality can be understood as a process of individual and social construction shaped by power relations and social regulations. The analysis of the experiences of living with HIV in marginalized populations shows how chronic social inequality, violence, discrimination, and stigmatization generate particular characteristics of sexual issues. These social processes become driving forces that shape sexual experience as a field of danger, repression, and restriction rather than pleasure and exploration. Finally, daily confrontation with social metaphors places strain on gender relations, practices, and identities.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Body Image , Gender Identity , HIV Infections/psychology , Interpersonal Relations , Sexuality/psychology , Anthropology, Cultural , Argentina , Poverty Areas , Power, Psychological , Qualitative Research , Stereotyping , Safe Sex/psychology , Violence
11.
Rev. saúde pública ; 42(supl.1): 34-44, jun. 2008. graf, tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-486822

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Analisar os níveis, tendências e diferenciais sociodemográficos do uso do preservativo na população brasileira urbana. MÉTODOS: Os dados analisados foram coletados em 1998 e 2005, na pesquisa "Comportamento Sexual e Percepções da População Brasileira sobre HIV/Aids". As amostras, probabilísticas em múltiplos estágios, incluíram homens e mulheres de 16 a 65 anos de idade, domiciliados em áreas urbanas. Foram consideradas para análise as entrevistas com indivíduos sexualmente ativos nos 12 meses anteriores à entrevista. Os modelos univariados basearam-se em testes qui-quadrado, corrigidos pelo planejamento amostral, e cálculos de odds ratios; a análise multivariada envolveu o ajuste de modelos de regressão logística, controlando-se as demais variáveis de interesse. RESULTADOS: Houve aumento significativo do uso do preservativo nos 12 meses anteriores à entrevista e na última relação sexual. Jovens de 16 a 24 anos se protegeram mais nas relações sexuais, principalmente com parcerias eventuais. Homens usaram mais o preservativo, somente com parcerias eventuais. Maior freqüência de uso do preservativo ocorreu entre pessoas solteiras. Não houve diferença regional quanto ao uso consistente do preservativo. Nas relações estáveis os pentecostais revelaram a menor proteção no sexo; pessoas sem religião ou adeptos de outras religiões apresentaram os maiores índices de proteção. A escolaridade, que se mostrou diferencial importante no uso do preservativo em 1998, manteve seu destaque em 2005. CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados mostraram ser necessário aprofundar a discussão em torno de ações que visem a aumentar o uso consistente de preservativo, especialmente entre populações de menor escolaridade e as mais vulneráveis, como mulheres jovens ou em parcerias estáveis.


OBJECTIVE: To analyze the levels, tendencies and sociodemographic differentials of condom use among the Brazilian urban population. METHODS: The data analyzed was collected in 1998 and 2005, in the study, "Sexual Behavior and Perceptions of the Brazilian Population concerning HIV/Aids". The probabilistic samples, in multiple stages, included men and women aged 16 to 65 years old, living in urban areas. Interviews with individuals that had been sexually active during the 12 months preceding the interview were included in the analysis. The univariate models were based on chi-square tests, corrected by sample planning, and odds ratio calculations; multivariate analysis involved adjustment of logistic regression models, controlling all other interest variables. RESULTS: There was a significant increase in the use of condoms in the 12 months preceding the interview and at the last sexual intercourse. Young people from 16 to 24 years of age protected themselves more in sexual intercourse, particularly with eventual partners. Men used condoms more frequently only when they had an eventual partner. The use of condoms was more frequent among single people. There were no regional differences with respect to the consistent use of the condom. In stable relationships Pentecostals reveal the least amount of protection in sexual intercourse. People who have no religious affiliation or adepts of other religions have higher rates of protection. Level of education, an important differential with respect to the use of condoms in 1998, maintained its prominence in 2005. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate the need for greater in depth discussion concerning actions that are geared towards increasing the consistent use of condoms, particularly among populations with lower educational levels and those that are more vulnerable, such as young women or women in stable relationships.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Condoms , HIV Infections/prevention & control , Health Behavior , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Sexual Behavior/statistics & numerical data , Sexual Partners/psychology , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/prevention & control , Age Distribution , Brazil , Condoms, Female , Epidemiologic Methods , Marital Status , Safe Sex/psychology , Safe Sex/statistics & numerical data , Sex Distribution , Sexual Behavior/psychology , Socioeconomic Factors , Urban Population , Vulnerable Populations , Young Adult
12.
In. Pereira, José Leonídio; Fanelli, Cláudia Márcia Trindade; Pereira, Regina Celi Ribeiro; Rios, Silvia Pereira da Silva. Sexualidade na adolescência no novo milênio. Rio de Janeiro, UFRJ, 2007. p.15-25, tab, graf.
Monography in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-516263
13.
EMHJ-Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal. 2001; 7 (6): 880-894
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-158010

ABSTRACT

We tested the applicability of the health belief model [HBM] in predicting college students' intentions to use condoms and condom use and to determine whether or not college students' attitudes toward AIDS would influence their decision to use condoms. United States university students [282] responded to a closed-format questionnaire about condom use, following an elicitation open-ended survey. Multiple regression analysis was performed to determine the predictive power of the HBM components. Of HBM components, cue to action, barrier and benefit were the most powerful predictors of both condom use intentions and behaviour. Students' beliefs and attitudes toward AIDS did not influence their decision to use condoms


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Analysis of Variance , Attitude to Health , Condoms/statistics & numerical data , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Surveys and Questionnaires , Regression Analysis , Risk-Taking , Safe Sex/psychology
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